Electrode



1,634, 72 July 5, 2 R. LEWERS 3 ELECTRODE Fi led Oct. 11, 1922 2Sheets-Sheet 1 A TTORNEYS July 5, 1927. v 1,634,372

G. R. LEWERS ELECTRODE Filed Oct. ll, 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 7 r 1 i i /2A? g 1 /0 WITE.

Jill l m WITNESS l lNl/E/VTOR I GEORGE/P. LEM/ms A TTOR/VEYS PatentedJuly 5, 1927.

JTEE STATES PATENT OFFlCE.

NEW YORK, ASSIGNOB N. Y. A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

T0 GENERAL CHEMICAL nancrnonn.

Application filed October My invention relates to electrodes, and moreparticularly to electrodes foruse in precipitators of the type commonlyknown as Cottrell precipita-tors, and has for its object to provide adischarge electrode of simplified and novel construction, whereby anelectric corona of increased efliciency as a precipitating medium iscreated in practice. The invention contemplates further an electrodeconstruction which permits the elect-rode supporting means to besimplified without interfering with the efficiency of the precipitator.Other objects of my invention will appear from the descriptionhereinafter and the features of novelty will be pointed out in theappended claims.

In the accompanying drawings, which illustrate a specific embodiment ofthe invention without defining its limits, Figure 1 is a sectional viewillustrating a precipitator with my improved electrode included therein;Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the electrode,.partly in section, and Fig.3 is a crosssection on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2.

In connection with. discharge electrodes of the type in question,several problems present themselves for solution before a satisfactoryresult is obtained; 'for instance, the greater the number of dischargepoints uponthe surface of the electrode, the more eflicient will be'theresulting electrical corona when the electrode is in use; furthermore,the electrode must possess a certain stability in the direction of itslength in practice. With these oints in mind, discharge electrodes haveeen constructed in the form 0 rods of lead having. a star shape incrosssection; because of the pliability of the lead, it has beennecessary to construct such electrodes with cores of iron in order tosecure the desired stability; electrodes so constructed, because oftheir weight, have a tendency to whip under electrical stresses when theprecipitatoris in operation, and consequently must be held at thebottom.

All of these disadvantages and objections are overcome in the presentcase, in which the electrode itself comprises a preferably metallicshell illustrated in the form of a tube of lead 5, the outer surface ofwhich is finely serrated or fluted in the direction of its length toprovide a multi licity' of discharge points 6, as shown in 9 of lead andfreely suspended ig. 3; the op- A 11, 1922. Serial no. 593,690.

posite end of the tube 5 are closed by means of lead' caps 7. The-tube5, at one end, ex tends through a sleeve 8 having a covering of largerdiameter internally than the external diameter of the tube 7, which isfixed in said sleeve by a filling of lead 10 which is poured into theannular space bet-ween said sleeve and tube in a molten state, the lowerend of said sleeve, about the tube, being temporarily closed in anysuitable manner, as by being plugged with a packing of oakum during thetime the lead is being poured; a pin'll extends transversely through thesleeve 8 near its one end and through the tube 5 to support the latteragainst lengthwise movement relatively to said, pipe. The sleeve 8 isscrewt-hreaded at its one end for connection with the supporting elementwhich, in the illustrated example, is shown in the form of a shipchannel 12 provided with a covering of lead 13; a cap of lead 14: isformed on the projecting end of the electrode 5 by pouring molten leadinto a suitable mold temporarily placed in position and encloses theupper end of the sleeve 8 and the pin'll. 1

With this arrangement, the electrode is and extends into the customarycollecting electrodes 15, it being understood that an operativepreoipitator may include a plurality of electrodes, the dischargeelectrodes being suspended at spaced intervals, for instance, from theship channel 12, as shown. Because of the serrated f or flutedconstruction of the tubes 5, the same inherent stability to render.

possess sufficient the use of cores of any description unnecessary; for.the same reason, the lower ends of said tubes need not be held, but onthe contrary, said tubm may. be permitted to hang freely from thesupporting element 12. The absence of a core and the construction of thetubes in redetermined carefully calculated sizes obviates any electricalstresses; at the same time, the great multiplicity of points 6 provideelectrical 'coronas of greater efficiency than has heretofore beenpossible, while the general construction reduces the consumption ofpower to alow point and reduces the supporting means to its simplestform.

Various modifications may be made within tendency to whip undertheopposite ends of the scope of the claims Without departing from thenature of my invention, as set forth in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. A discharge electrode for electrical precipitators comprising a tubeclosed at its opposite ends and provided upon its outer surface with amultiplicity of relatively fine serrations, each of which is continuousin the direction of the tube, and the discharge apex of each of which isin such close parallel relation to the discharge apices of its neighborsas, in effect, to come Within the range of influence thereof, wherebyconcentrated discharges tending to form disruptive ares are prevented,said tube having an empty axial bore, and means whereby said electrodeis freely suspended.

2. A discharge electrode for electrical precipitators comprising a tubeclosed at its opposite ends and provided upon its outer surface with amultiplicity of relatively fine serrations, each of which is continuousin the direction of the tube, and the discharge apex of each of which isin such close parallel relation to the discharge apices of itsneighbors, as, in effect, to come within the range of influence thereofwhereby concentrated discharges tending to form disruptive arcs areprevented, said tube having an empty axial bore, adapted for connectionwith a supporting element, and means whereby said electrode is freelysuspended in said sleeve.

3. A discharge electrode for an electrical precipitator comprising atube closed at its opposite ends and provided upon its outer surfacewith a multiplicity of relatively fine serrations, said tube having anempty axial a lead covered sleeve bore, a lead-covered sleeve adaptedfor connection with a supporting element, a filling of lead whereby saidelectrode is freely suspended in said sleeve, and a pin extendingtransversely through said sleeve and tube to fix the latter againstrelative lengthwise movement.

4. A discharge electrode for an electrical precipitator comprising atube closed at its opposite ends and provided upon its outer surfacewith a multiplicity of relatively fine serrations, said tube having anempty axial bore, a lead-covered sleeve adapted for con nection with asupporting element, a filling of lead whereby said electrode is freelysuspended in said sleeve, a pin extending transversely through saidsleeve and tube to fix the latter against relative lengthwise movement,and a cap of lead covering the end of said sleeve and the opposite endsof said pin.

5. In a precipitator of the kind described, the combination of aplurality of tubular collecting electrodes, a supporting channel havinga lead covering, a plurality of leadcovered sleeves connected with saidchannel, discharge ele trodes comprising tubes of lead provided with amultiplicity of relatively fine serrations, fillings of lead wherebysaid electrodes are freely suspended in said sleeves to hang freely fromsaid channel into said collecting electrodes, pins extendingtransversely through said sleeves and tubes for fixing the latteragainst relative lengthwise movement, and caps of lead surrounding thetubes and covering one end of said sleeves and the opposite ends of saidpin.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand. 7

- GEORGE R. LEWERS.

